Tripitakas are sacred books of a buddhists b hindus c jains d none of the above. Hence, the jain religion does not have one sacred book like the bible or koran, but it has many books compiled by several gandharas and srutkevalis. Unlike most common monotheistic religions, jainism does not have one holy book that characterizes their faith. Mahavira and the other figures associated with the establishment of jainism are called tirthankaras. Many of their doctrines, especially their disregard not only of priests but of gods, which seems to us so strange in any system which can be called a religion, are closely analogous to buddhism and from one point of view jainism is part of the buddhist movement. Which of the following sacred books contains verses and hymns that are recited by priests during sacrifices. There are so many books in jainism that have been divided into four broad categories. Like the buddhist scriptures, the earlier jain books are written in a dialect of their own, the so called jaina prakrit. The former term conveys the idea of validity and authority, and is perhaps more common among digambaras. Jains consider their scriptures to be holy objects, with books often the focus of religious rituals.
Groups of pilgrims from all over the country flock here, and part of the celebration consists of processions carrying huge pictures of the sacred mountain through the streets of palitana. The householders dharma english translation of the sacred jain text, ratna karand sravakachara by champat rai jain part of the the sacred books of the jainas series. Jainism, one of the three major religions of early india, has been continuously practised since around the middle of the first millennium bc. Jains see these texts, which are the transcriptions of lord mahavirs sermons, as sacred documents. Agams are the jain texts which are based on the discourse. They wanted release from the bonds of samsara by renouncing worldly possessions and practicing asceticism. A jain templelibrary holds sacred books, individually wrapped and labelled. All jain sects believe that knowledge of the purvas drastivad were gradually lost starting two hundred years after lord mahavirs nirvan death.
Other sources of jain teaching include early scriptures called the siddhanta and anuyoga. Shatrunajaya is the scene of a great pilgrimage festival on the full moon of each karttika octobernovember. Jains 1911 encyclopedia britannica bible encyclopedia. Jains commonly use the words siddhanta and agama, which are panindian terms. These preaching are then scripted by the gandhars in the form of sutras text. The jaina agamas or scriptures are the works of the immediate disciples of mahavira. These teachers are also called makers of the ford sanskrit, t i rtha. Followers of the path shown by the jinas are called jains. Start studying world religions midterm study guide. In this regard therefore parrikars remarks are not only offensive to pakistanis but also hindus, buddhist, jains and sikhs living in india and other parts of the world whose religions developed. Jainism dont have any specific holy book like the bhagavad geeta,the quran or the bible.
But if we have to talk about one book that contains most. The latter term means what has come down to us or tradition. Jainism is a transtheistic religion, and jains trace their. What are some main holidays and practices of jainism. Who is called father of indian unrest 1 mahatma gandhi 2. Jatakas are the sacred books of 1 hindus 2 buddists 3 jains 4 greeks. The name for the 24 spiritual leaders of the jains or fordfinder is. The teachings of the twenty four tirthankaras were first composed in fourteen purvas and later in twelve angpravishthaagams an ang being a limb by ganadhars themselves. We have certain scriptures which are considered as very sacred. Take a look at seven sacred dietary practices from different faiths. Instead they have a collection of holy writings and scriptures. Dundas looks at jainism in its social and doctrinal context, explaining its history, sects, scriptures and ritual, and describing how the jains have, over 2500 years, defined themselves as a unique religious community.
The texts containing the teachings of mahavira are called the agamas, and are the canonical literature the scriptures of svetambara jainism. Jain libraries, including the svetambara collections at patan, gujarat and jaiselmer, rajasthan, as well as the digambara collections in karnataka temples, have a large number of wellpreserved manuscripts. The kalpa sutra may be called the manual of the svetambaras. Jatakas are the sacred books of 1 hindus 2 buddists. Jaina sutras, part ii sacred books of the east vol. In case you are asking keeping in view like most of the religions have one holy book, my answer is no.
What is the significance of sacred places to the religion. The holy teachers are called the jina, and they are the epitome. Hence, the jain religion does not have one sacred book, like the bible or the koran, but it has many books compiled by gandharas and srutkevalis during the. Study 99 terms world religions midterm study guide. Jains consider the agam literature, also called the agam sutras, holy. Jains have become one of the wealthiest groups in modern india because of their emphasis on. The holy book of jainism is a collection of texts known as agam literature or the agam sutras. The sacred books of the hindus series was devised by the wellknown scholarly institution the panini office in allahabad, for the exclusive purpose of making available some of the most important sacred books of the hindus providing the original sanskrit text along with its english translation. Acharang sutra aayarang sutrakratang sutra suyagdang sthananga sutra thanang samavayanga sutra. These sutras are collectively known as agams or agam sutras, the sacred books of the jain religion. English, jain who follow the teachings and example of authoritative teachers called jina conqueror. The terms sacred text and religious text are not necessarily interchangeable in that some religious texts are believed to be sacred because of the belief in some theistic religions such as the abrahamic religions that the text is divinely or supernaturally revealed or divinely inspired, or in nontheistic religions such as some indian. Jain manuscript libraries, called bhandaras inside jain temples, are the oldest surviving in india. Jain text, jain, truth, conduct, sallekhana, ahimsa, pratima, god.
These texts are called aagam the sacred books of the jains. Each sacred place brings inner peace within a jains life. Mahaviras disciples compiled his words into texts or sutras, and memorised them to pass on to future generations. What is the holy books of the jains and buddhists called. The holy teachers are called the jina, and they are the epitome of teaching for all jains, especially the jina mahavira. These scriptures are known as jain agam or agam sutras. The sacred book of buddhism is called the tripitaka called tipitaka in pali. The drastivad consists of fourteen purva texts, also known as purvas or purvaagams. The jains even before the coming of the buddha in the sixth century bce, wandering ascetics had begun to reject the vedas and the orthodox priesthood of the brahmans. Among angagams, purvas were the oldest sacred texts. Diwali, paryushana, daslakshana and mahavir jayanti are some of the main festivals jains celebrate. Its name derives from the word jina, meaning liberator or victor, referring to spiritual rather than material conquest. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Two of the oldest holy books of the sikh are located in a museum in.
The primary document of this period is the rig veda, the oldest of indias existing sacred books. While it should not be compared to the bible or the quran, agam literature is the closet thing jains have to a sacred text. Study 120 terms eastern religion final study guide. Jainism and hinduism have many similar characteristic features, including the concepts of samsara, karma and moksha. Jains are very caring over the environment, they wear masks over their faces to prevent inhaling of any small insects and they carry large brushes so they can brush the floor in front of them to prevent stepping on any plants or insects. Perhaps of least interest to general readers, of all the scriptures treated in this volume, are those of the jain faith, simply because they are so monastic in character. The texts containing the teachings of mahavira are called the agamas, and these are the scriptures of svetambara jainism. The religious scripture of the jains are known as agama. Followers of jainism are called jains, a word derived from the sanskrit word jina victor referring to the path of victory in crossing over lifes stream of rebirths by destroying karma through an ethical and spiritual life. What are the holy books called in buddhism answers. The arhant heritage jainism shraman culture is confirmed by the writings in srimad bhagwad, padmapuran, vishnupuran, skandapuran and shivpuran, naradpuran, manusmriti and other religious book. Svami panth worships books instead of images of jinas. Jainism is a south asian religious tradition which takes its name from those sanskrit, jaina.
Jain religious scriptures are known as the aagam, the jains worship the supreme lord tirthankar bhagwan mahavir, when a tirthankar attains omniscience, their preaching are orally compiled by their immediate disciples gandhars. The waves of aryan migration have been variously dated from 1500 b. There is cultural diversity throughout the world, and within religion too. Before leaving prebuddhist india, it may be well to say something of the jains. All sects agree that teaching was first transmitted orally, however, the two main sects of jainism, svetambara and digambara disagree on which scriptures are authoritative, or most important.
Digambara jains are particularly strong in the south indian state of karnataka. Vhakhya prajnapti or bhagavati sutra viyah pannati jnata dharma kathanga sutra nayadhammakahao upasaka dashanga sutra uvasagdasao antah kradashanga sutra. Jatakas are the sacred books of 1 hindus 2 buddists 3 jains 4 greeks answer rkg. A quote derived from the acharang sutra that describes the conduct and behavior of ascetic life.
An introduction by charles samuel braden chapter 7. The rig veda actually comprises ten books of hymns and prayers to the gods, collected probably about b. The rice on the table in front is an offering left by worshippers. The indian religion of jainism, whose central tenet involves nonviolence to all creatures, is one of the worlds oldest and leastunderstood faiths. The first sacred books of the jaina are in prakrit or ardhamagdhi language. Svetambara jains tend to live in the west indian state of gujarat. Digambaras and svetambaras have different sacred books, but they share the same basic beliefs. This 10th guru encouraged sikhs to stand firm for their faith and. Sword or dagger that is one of the 5ks is called a. The jains who went southward developed a later literature different from the angas, and indeed did much in the way of founding the literature of the kanarese, tamil and telugu. The texts containing the teachings of mahavira are called the agamas, and are the canonical literature the scriptures of. However, they differ over the precise nature and meaning of these concepts.
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